PUBLICATIONS

Our understanding of ibogaine is evolving in real time.

Explore the latest peer-reviewed studies, case reports, and articles spanning neuroscience, integrative medicine, and beyond.

Ambio-led or collaborative publications

PLOSOne

The Ibogaine experience scale (IES): Development and psychometric properties of a multidimensional measure of ibogaine’s subjective effects

Ambio participated closely in the design and data collection for a standardized research tool designed to measure ibogaine’s subjective effects. Existing research instruments didn’t capture the unique subjective qualities of ibogaine, and so this measure was developed for inclusion in future research studies.

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NATURE MEDECINE

Magnesium-ibogaine therapy in veterans with traumatic brain injuries

The groundbreaking study “Stanford Study” looked at 30 retired Navy SEALs with traumatic brain injury who demonstrated major improvement across a variety of psychometric symptoms, including disability, post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety. This paper helped to spark a major upsurge in ibogaine research and even state-level funding initiatives in the US.

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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Case report: Significant lesion reduction and neural structural changes following ibogaine treatments for multiple sclerosis

Ambio published this preliminary case report on two patients with various stages of multiple sclerosis (MS): a man with relapsing remitting MS, and a woman with secondary progressive MS. We demonstrated broad symptomatic improvement that occurred alongside structural changes in the brain. The male RRMS case showed a 71% reduction in the volume of white matter lesions post-treatment.

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FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH

Case report: Ibogaine reduced severe neuropathic pain associated with a case of brachial plexus nerve root avulsion

Ambio published this unique case involving a single patient with severe, intractable neuropathic pain 20 years after a motorcycle accident. We demonstrate the development of a customized pain-treatment protocol that showed robust analgesic effects with enduring improvements, suggesting a restorative neurological benefit.

Listen to our 2-year follow-up with the patient on the Ambio Podcast episode 7 (YouTube / Spotify).

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ANTHROPOLOGY OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Transpersonal Intersubjectivity in Ibogaine Experiences: Three Cases

In this paper, Ambio’s CEO, Jonathan Dickinson, demonstrated how close examination of raw experiential reports easily reveals often-ignored phenomenology in the ibogaine experience. Specifically, he described an “intersubjective” effect of communication with an other, which corresponds to numerous anthropological descriptions from other hypnagogic or hypnopompic dream states, particularly cases of sleep paralysis.

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CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY

Quantitative Evaluation of a Mexican and a Ghanaian Tabernaemontana Species as Alternatives to Voacanga africana for the Production of Antiaddictive Ibogan Type Alkaloids

Jonathan Dickinson, Ambio’s CEO, collaborated with researchers at the Universidad Autonoma de Mexico to evaluate the iboga-alkaloid content of Mexican tree species from the Apocynacae family.

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JOURNAL OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS

Remission of severe opioid use disorder with ibogaine: a case report

Trevor Millar, Ambio’s COO, participated in an early case report with researchers from the University of British Columbia, describing the successful reduction of opioid withdrawal in a single patient who had been addicted to heroin for over 18 years.

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GLOBAL IBOGAINE THERAPY ALLIANCE (GITA)

Clinical Guidelines for Ibogaine-Assisted Detoxification

In his previous role as the Executive Director of the Global Ibogaine Therapy Alliance, Jonathan Dickinson, now Ambio’s CEO, led the development of a clinical guideline document that set the standard for mitigating cardiac and drug interaction risks with ibogaine. The protocols described in this document are the scaffolding for safety measures used by Ambio and other ibogaine clinics worldwide.

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AMERICAN BOTANICAL COUNCIL

Iboga Root: Dynamics of Iboga’s African Origins and Modern Medical Use

In this invited review article, Ambio’s CEO, Jonathan Dickinson, provides a foundational outline for iboga and ibogaine’s use in the Western world and early evaluations of its impact on traditional knowledge holders in Gabon.

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Current Drug Abuse ReviewS

“Ibogaine in the treatment of substance dependence” - 2013

Thomas Kingsley Brown of UCSD provides a strong high-level review of the science behind ibogaine’s use as an anti-addiction therapy.

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American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

“Treatment of opioid use disorder with ibogaine: detoxification and drug use outcomes.” - 2016

This MAPS-funded study tracked 30 patients after opioid detox at a clinic in Mexico for 1 year. ​​They found that 30 days after treatment, 50% of the patients remained completely abstinent from opioids. After 1 year, 40% of subjects were defined as having a “favorable outcome,” meaning that they stayed in touch with the study team for at least 9 months, and reported at least a 75% reduction in Addiction Severity Index (ASI) Drug Use scores.

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American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

“Ibogaine treatment outcomes for opioid dependence from a twelve-month follow-up observational study” - 2016

This MAPS-funded study followed 14 patients after opioid detox at a clinic in New Zealand for 1 year. 50% of their patients reported abstinence 1 year after treatment, as well as other positive psychological outcomes.

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Journal of Psychedelic Studies

“Subjective effectiveness of ibogaine treatment for problematic opioid consumption: Short- and long-term outcomes and current psychological functioning” - 2018

This study from Ohio State University retroactively reached out to 88 patients who went to a clinic in Mexico. At various stages post-treatment (mostly 1-2 years later), these patients said that ibogaine had reduced withdrawal (80% of cases), reduced opioid cravings (50% of responses), and helped them to maintain abstinence for at least 6 months (41%). 30% reported never using opioids again.

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Journal of Psychopharmacology

“Treating drug dependence with the aid of ibogaine: A retrospective study” - 2014

This Brazilian study look followed 75 patients who were treated for a variety of addictions (mostly cocaine paste). They showed 61% remained abstinent, although these rates increased following multiple (up to 4) treatments.

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STANFORD TBI STUDY

In 2024, Nature Medicine published the results of a landmark clinical trial led by Ambio’s co-founders in collaboration with Dr. Nolan Williams and Stanford University’s Brain Stimulation Laboratory.

The study involved 30 former Navy SEALs who received ibogaine treatment at Ambio’s clinics in Mexico to address traumatic brain injuries sustained during their military service.

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PATENT FILINGS

Ambio has had the opportunity, through the evaluation of real-world data and novel cases, to explore novel applications of ibogaine.

Our patent filings have all been executed using the context of the Nagoya-protocol on access and benefits sharing, with prior and informed consent of traditional knowledge holders in Gabon.

Our patent filings have all been executed using the context of the Nagoya-protocol on access and benefits sharing, with prior and informed consent of traditional knowledge holders in Gabon.


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